Project approval after AI review on 2 November 2026. Human proofreading is still pending.
Lesson 37
The outpost
- What you will learn
- You place a piece on a square of an open file that your pawn controls.
- What you should already know
- What an open file is
- Lesson 11: Clear paths for rooks
Time: about 5 minutes
Thinking questions in this lesson
You can ask yourself these thinking questions in any position. They help you find a good move.
- Which pawn move changes the position?
- Which piece could be better placed?
- What is the threat?
Step 1 of 6
Look first
A teaching position from “My System”. White no longer has an f-pawn, Black no longer has a d-pawn.
You are playing White. Which square in Black’s half does your pawn control, while your rook also reaches it along its file?
Arrow keys move the focus across the squares. Enter or Space marks a square or removes the mark.
Choose a square from a list
Position as a list
White
- King g1
- Rook a1
- Rook f1
- Knight c3
- Pawn a2
- Pawn b2
- Pawn c2
- Pawn d3
- Pawn e4
- Pawn g2
- Pawn h2
Black
- King g8
- Rook a8
- Rook f8
- Bishop e7
- Pawn a7
- Pawn b7
- Pawn c7
- Pawn e5
- Pawn f6
- Pawn g7
- Pawn h7
Step 2 of 6
Decide
A second teaching position from the same chapter. Here Nimzowitsch examines several plans one after another.
You are playing White. In front of your rook on d1, the pawn on d6 stands on the d-file. How do you use the file anyway?
Arrow keys move the focus across the squares. Enter or Space selects a piece and moves it to a highlighted square. Escape cancels the selection.
Position as a list
White
- King c1
- Rook d1
- Rook e1
- Knight c3
- Pawn a2
- Pawn b2
- Pawn c2
- Pawn e4
- Pawn f2
- Pawn g2
- Pawn h2
Black
- King g8
- Rook a8
- Rook f8
- Knight g6
- Pawn a7
- Pawn b7
- Pawn c7
- Pawn d6
- Pawn f7
- Pawn g7
- Pawn h7
Step 3 of 6
Try it
A game from 1911. Teichmann has White, Nimzowitsch has Black. The white knight has just reached f5.
You are playing Black. White attacks the pawn on d6 with knight, bishop and queen. With which knight move do you hold d6?
Arrow keys move the focus across the squares. Enter or Space selects a piece and moves it to a highlighted square. Escape cancels the selection.
Choose a move from a list
Position as a list
White
- King g1
- Queen d2
- Rook d1
- Rook e1
- Bishop f4
- Knight c3
- Knight f5
- Pawn a4
- Pawn b2
- Pawn c2
- Pawn e4
- Pawn f3
- Pawn g2
- Pawn h3
Black
- King g8
- Queen c7
- Rook d8
- Rook e8
- Bishop c8
- Bishop f8
- Knight d7
- Pawn a6
- Pawn b7
- Pawn c6
- Pawn d6
- Pawn f7
- Pawn g7
- Pawn h7
Step 4 of 6
Why does it work?
Nimzowitsch calls an advanced piece on an open file that one of your own pawns protects an outpost. It is a base for further attacks.
If the opponent wants to drive the outpost away, they often have to move a pawn. That usually creates a new weakness.
For Nimzowitsch a file is already open when only your own pawn is missing from it. An enemy pawn may still stand on it.
Key idea
Place a piece on a square of an open file that your pawn controls. On the central files c to f a knight usually fits best, on the edge files a, b, g and h a rook.
When does this apply?
Without the file behind it or without the protecting pawn, the outpost loses much of its power. Whether it really stands strongly is shown by the concrete position.
Step 5 of 6
New position, same idea
An endgame from “My System”. This time the file is at the edge of the board.
You are playing White. On the open h-file two rooks face each other. On which square of the h-file does your rook on h1 become an outpost?
Arrow keys move the focus across the squares. Enter or Space selects a piece and moves it to a highlighted square. Escape cancels the selection.
Choose a move from a list
Position as a list
White
- King c1
- Rook d1
- Rook h1
- Knight f4
- Pawn a2
- Pawn b2
- Pawn c2
- Pawn e4
- Pawn f5
- Pawn g6
Black
- King e7
- Rook g8
- Rook h8
- Bishop d7
- Pawn a7
- Pawn b7
- Pawn c6
- Pawn c7
- Pawn f6
- Pawn g7
Step 6 of 6
Nimzowitsch and today
Source
Nimzowitsch describes the outpost in “My System” in the chapter on the open file: a protected piece of your own on an open file in the opponent’s camp, usually a knight. Its power comes from behind, from the file, and from the side, from the protecting pawn. On an edge file a rook should occupy the outpost. The texts are newly written for the course; the positions come from teaching examples by Nimzowitsch and from Teichmann – Nimzowitsch, Carlsbad 1911.
- My System, 2.6 (in German): “Der Vorposten” (original text not yet published)
- My System, 2.5 (in German): “Das eingeschränkte Vorrücken in einer Linie” (original text not yet published)
- My System, game 2: Teichmann – Nimzowitsch (in German)
Today’s view (editorial note)
A file from which only your own pawn is missing is usually called half-open today. Today an outpost mostly means a square from which no enemy pawn can drive the piece away.